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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. A. GROSHON. DIRECT ACTING STEAM ENGINE-v No. 410,411. Patented Sept.3, 1889.

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Q ATTHOIIITNEY N. PETERS. Phoo-umognpher. Wahin lon. D. C.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J A GROSHON DIRECT ACTING STEAM ENGINE.

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ATTORNEY N. FETER5, Photvumo nphcr, Wnningm at;

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

Mu N I G .N NE M m S M G GN H 0 AA JT 0 E R I D (No Model.)

Patented Sept. 3

INVENTOI? 9 I ATTORNEY WITNESSES:

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN A. GROSHON, OF NEIV YORK, N. Y.

DIRECT-ACTING STEAM-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 410,411, datedSeptember 3, 1889. Application filed Tannary 21, 1889. Serial No.296,988. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN A. GROSHON, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Direct-ActingSteam-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to improvements in direct-acting steam-engines;and it consists in the combination,with the main piston-rod,

of levers pivoted on different fulcrums and having a simultaneous mo vemout under pressure, one end of one of the levers being c011- nected withsaid piston-rod, and the whole arranged as hereinafter more specificallydescribed, whereby during the first portion of the stroke of the mainpiston-rod a pressure will be created thereon in a direction opposite toits line of movement, and during the latter part of said stroke saidpressure will be created in the line of the movement of the piston-rod,thus the pressure being made to oppose the movement of the piston-rodduring the first portion of its stroke and to assist said movementduring the latter part of its stroke.

The invent-ion further consists in the details of construction andarrangement of said levers, with the means of applying pressure thereto.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation,partly in section, of a direct-acting steam-engine employing theinvention. Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line Y Y of Fig. 3,whieh--is a vertical section on the line Z Z of Fig. 2, said Figs. 2 and3 representing the connection between the levers having differentfulcrums. Fig. 4 is a vertical section on the line X X of Fig. 1. Fig. 5is a section 011 the line X X of Fig. 6, illustrating a modifiedconstruction and arrangement of the levers for retarding and assistingat different points the movement of the main piston-rod of the engine.Fig. 6 is a detached side elevation of the arrangement of the leversillustrated in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a sectional view on the line Y Y ofFig. 8, which is a side elevation of a further modified form of thelevers for assisting and retarding at proper intervals the movement ofthe piston-rod of the engine.

In the drawings I have illustrated the invention as applied forconvenience to a steam pumping-engine of the Blake pattern; but it is tobe understood that I-do not confine my invention to any particular styleof diroot-acting steam-engine.

In the drawings, A designates the lowpressure cylinder; B, thehigh-pressure cylinder; C, the water-cylinder; D, the main piston-rod ofthe engine, and E the usual rods connecting the steam and watercylinders. Upon the rods E E are supported the frames F, (shown in Figs.1 and 2,) in the upper and lower ends of which are mounted,respectively, the rods G H, the rod G being hollow and connected withthe pipe I, leading to the upper side of the piston J of the accumulatorK, while the rod H serves as the fulcrum for the rocking lever L, whoseupper end, by means of the link M and block N, is connected with themain piston-rod D, as illustrated in Fig. 1. On the lower end of thelever L are formed the bearings O for the arms P of the pressure-boxesQ, which receive the lower ends of the levers R, the upper ends of saidlevers being hung upon the hollow rod G and being capable of a swingingmovement thereon. The levers R are hollow, and have at their upper endsthe sleeves S, which encircle the rod G and sustain the levers R, whileat the same time they permit the open upper ends of said levers to be inline with apertures in the lower sides of said hollow rod G, whereby thewater under pressure from the accumulator K is permitted to pass throughthe pipe I and hollow rod G, (the latter being closed at one end,) intothe levers R. Upon the lower ends of the levers R are provided thepistons S, which closely fit the diameter of the pressure-boxes Q, asillustrated in Figs. 2 and The lower ends of the levers R are closed;but openings T are provided in the levers R immediately above saidpistons S within the pressure-boxes Q. Upon the upper ends-of thepressure-boxes Q are provided stuffing-boxes V, through which the leversR pass. It will be observed that the levers L R differ in length and arehung upon different fnlerums, and that while they move simultaneouslytheir lower ends describe different ares, as illustrated in Fig. 1 bydotted lines, said arcs intersecting each other at points at which themovements of said levers terminate. 1

In the operation of the invention the pipe I, rod G, levers R, andaccumulator K above the piston J are filled with water and the engineset in motion, the result being that the water in the pump-cylinder 0will maintain a pressure against the lower side of the piston J, whichwill act through the column of water in the said pipe I, rod G, andlevers R, and create a pressure upon the upper side of the pistons S andagainst the upper end of the pressure-boxes Q, and this, owing to thedifferent lengths of levers L R, will resist the movement of the mainpiston rod D during the first portion of its stroke. When the levers L Rare in the position illustrated in Fig. 1 and the rod D is started onits movement, said rod D, acting through the levers L, arms P, andpressure-boxes Q, operates to move the levers R in the line of the arcof a circle, while at the same time the lever L is having a similarmovement in the line of a shorter radius and'describing a different arcof a circle. During the first portion of the stroke of the piston-rod Dthe arcs in which the levers L R travel are caused to diverge, and theresistance to this divergence opposes the movement of the mainpiston-rod D until the widest point of separation in said arcs has beenreached, when the further movement of the rod D will cause said arcs toconverge, and in doing so bring the levers L R gradually to their normalrelation to each other, said arcs at this time approaching each other,as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1, and the pressure in the boxes Qbeing caused to assist the movement of the piston-rod, which will be onthe latter part of its stroke. When the greatest divergence in the arcsin which the levers L R travel has been reached, said levers will be inline with each other, and the resistance to the motion of the piston-rodD will at this time cease and be transferred in the line of the movementof the said rod. I

In the modified forms of the invention illustrated in Figs. 5, 6, 7, and8 the piston-rod and rods connecting the steam with the water cylindersare similar to and indicated by the same letters as thelike-nameddevices represented in Figs. 1 and at.

Referring to Figs. 5 and 6, the levers are denoted by the letters L R,respectively, the levers L being secured upon pivots a, mounted in thebearings 19, secured with the frame d upon the rods E. The levers R haveupon their outer ends sleeves e, fitting upon the reduced extremities ofthe outer end of the levers L, as illustrated more clearly in Fig. 5,while the inner ends of said levers are within the pressure-boxes f andcarry pistons g, said pressure-boxes f being provided withstuffing-boxes h, through which the levers R pass. The pressure-boxes fare provided with the pipes 'i, which diverge from the pipe j, leadingto the accumulator K, (illustrated in Fig. 1,) the pipes 1 communicatingwith the interior of the pressure-boxes f f at the sides of the pistonsg facing the levers L. The ends of the levers L opposite to the levers Rare connected by links it and blocks m with the main piston-rod D.

In the operation of the levers arranged. as illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6the pressure from the accumulator, acting through the pipe i andpressure-boxes f on the pistons g, will retard the movement of thepiston-rod D during the first portion of its stroke and assist themovement of the said rod during the latter portion of its stroke. On thefirst portion of the stroke of the piston-rod D the levers L will beforced to assume a substantially vertical position in line with eachother, and in doing so withdraw the pistons g on the levers R toward therespective ends of the pressureboxes f, resisting the pressure in saidboxes from the accumulator K, the force of the accumulator necessarythus to be overcome operating to retard the movement of the pistonrod D.After the piston-rod D has concluded a definite portion of its stroke,so as to bring the levers L and R into line with each other, thepressure in the boxes f from the accumulator K will operate to retractthe pistons 9 toward each other, and thus, through the levers R L andlinks 70, to facilitate the travel of the piston.

The modification illustrated in Figs. '7 and 8 differs from theconstruction illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4 simply in that in Figs. 7 and8 the arms P, connecting the pressure-boxes Q, extend downward to meetthe bearings O on the lever L, instead of upward, as in Fig. 4. In otherrespects the modification is substantially identical with theconstruction illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4, and hence like letters ofreference are employed in Figs. 7 and 8 as in Figs. 1 and 4, and thedescription of the operation of the levers above given as applied toFig. 1 will fully explain the operation of said parts in the form inwhich they are illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8, and a repetition of thesame therefore appears to be unnecessary.

The accumulator is made in the air-chamber of the pumps, as shown inFig. 1, and is provided with the differential pistons for the purpose ofmultiplying the pressure to be transmitted to the piston-rod. Theaccumulator, being in the air-chamber, affords a very convenient andinexpensive construction and avoids building an independent source ofpressure with the necessary connections.

WVhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is

1. In a direct-acting steam-engine, the lever connected at one end withthe main pistonrod and pivotally supported, so that its other end may bemoved in the arc of a circle, combined with the hollow lever pivotallysecured at one end, so that its other end may be moved on a differentare of a different circle from that described by the firstmentionedlever, the pressure-box receiving the end of said hollow lever, a pistonsecured on said end, and apipe leading from a source of pressure to saidhollow lever, the said arcs of the circles crossing each other ateach'side of a given point, substantially as set forth.

2. In a direct-acting steam-engine, the lever connected at one end withthe main piston rod and pivotally supported, so that its other end maybe moved in the are of a circle, the hollow lever pivotally secured atone end, so that its other end may be moved 011 adifferent are of adifferent circle from that described by the first-mentioned lever, andthe piston on said last-mentioned end, combined with a pressure-boxreceiving the piston on the end of said hollow lever and in pivotalconnection with the first-mentioned lever connected with the piston-rod,the hollow lever being connected with a source of pressure and havingoutlets within said pressure-box, substantially as and for the purposesset forth.

3. In a direct-acting steam-engine, the lever connected at one end withthe main pistonrod and pivotallysupported, so that its other end maybemoved in the are of a circle, combined with the hollow lever pivotallysecured at one end, so that its other end may be moved in a differentare of a different circle, and carrying a piston, the pressure-box inpivotal connection with the first-mentioned lever and receiving the saidpiston, and the pipe leading from the accumulator to the hollow lever,the end of the hollow lever having openings within said pressure-box,and the said arcs of said circles crossing each other at each side of adefinite point, substantially as set forth.

4. In a directaeting steam-engine, the lever Ii, connected at one endwith the piston-rod and pivotally supported, so that its other end maybe moved in the arc of a circle, combined with the hollow lever B,fulcrumed at one end eccentrically to the lever L, so as to move in adifferent are of a different circle, and being in communication with asource of pressure, the piston on the end of said hollow lever, and

. the pressure-box receiving said piston, the

hollow lever having outlet-s within said pressure-box, and said arcs ofsaid circles crossing each other at each side of a definite point,substantially as set forth.

5. In a direct-acting steam-engine, the pivotally secured leverconnected at one end with the piston-rod by the link, combined with alever carrying a piston on its free end and fulcrumed to movesimultaneously with but on a different line from the first-mentionedlever, the pressure-box to receive said piston, and a source of pressurecommunicating with said pressure-box, the lines of movement of saidlevers crossing each other at each side of a definite point in thestroke of said pistonrod, substantially and for the purposes set forth.

6. In a direct-acting steam-engine, the pivotally-secu red leverconnected at one end with the main piston-rod, combined with thepivotally-secured lever moving on its pivot simultaneously with thefirst-mentioned lever, but describing at its end a different line ofmovement, and carrying a piston, the pressure-box receiving said pistonand connected to move with saidlevers, and a source of pressure incommunication with the interior of said pressure-box, substantially asset forth.

'7. The accumulator K, formed in the airchamber above thewater-cylinders C of the pump and provided with differential pistons,combined with a pipe leading to means for resisting the movement of thepiston-rod during one portion of its stroke and-assisting said movementduring the latter portion of its stroke, said pipe containing a columnof water through which the pressure of the pistons is transmitted,substantially as set forth.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,this 19th day of January, A. I). 1889.

J OHN A. GROSIION.

WVit-nesses:

CHAS. C. GILL, ROBERT A. PoRTEoUs.

